Demo Vaka/Soru Havuzu

Global hazırlık için ilk özgün demo çekirdeği.

Bu ekran USMLE, PLAB, BOARD ve Medical English içeriklerinin nasıl görüneceğini gösterir. Faz 2 ile bu içerikler gerçek soru çözme motoruna bağlandı; her karttan doğrudan çözmeye geçebilirsin.

Tümü USMLE PLAB / UKMLA BOARD / EM Cases Medical English / OET

USMLE Step 2 CK Orta

Chest pain after cocaine use

A 29-year-old man presents with crushing chest pain 45 minutes after cocaine use. ECG shows ST depressions in lateral leads. He is anxious and hypertensive. What is the most appropriate next step?

Immediate beta blocker

Benzodiazepine + nitrates

Discharge after normal troponin

Empiric thrombolysis

Yanıt: Benzodiazepine + nitrates

Kokain ilişkili göğüs ağrısında sempatik aktiviteyi azaltmak, vazospazmı çözmek ve ACS değerlendirmesini sürdürmek önceliklidir. İzole beta bloker erken dönemde riskli olabilir.

Soru motorunda çöz

USMLE Step 2 CK Zor

Septic shock fluid refractory

A 68-year-old woman with pneumonia remains hypotensive after 30 mL/kg crystalloid. Lactate is 5.1 mmol/L. What is the next best management step?

Furosemide

Norepinephrine

Oral antibiotics

Delay antibiotics until cultures result

Yanıt: Norepinephrine

Sıvıya yanıtsız septik şokta vazopressör başlanır; antibiyotik ve kaynak kontrolü eş zamanlı yürütülür.

Soru motorunda çöz

PLAB / UKMLA PLAB 1 SBA Orta

Fever in returning traveller

A 34-year-old man returns from West Africa with fever, headache and myalgia. He is hypotensive and confused. What is the safest initial approach?

Send home with antipyretics

Urgent senior review, isolation precautions and sepsis management

Routine GP follow-up

Only malaria smear, no treatment until result

Yanıt: Urgent senior review, isolation precautions and sepsis management

PLAB mantığında hasta güvenliği, izolasyon, erken senior escalation ve sepsis yaklaşımı birlikte düşünülür.

Soru motorunda çöz

PLAB / UKMLA PLAB 2 OSCE Orta

Discharge advice after head injury

You are an FY2 in ED. A patient with mild head injury is being discharged. Explain red flags and safety-netting in 8 minutes.

Only say CT is normal

Give clear red flags, responsible adult advice and return instructions

Avoid written advice

No need to discuss alcohol

Yanıt: Give clear red flags, responsible adult advice and return instructions

OSCE istasyonunda iletişim, anlama kontrolü, yazılı öneri, red flag ve güvenli geri dönüş talimatı puan getirir.

Soru motorunda çöz

BOARD / EM Cases EM Board Case Zor

Post-intubation hypotension

A trauma patient becomes profoundly hypotensive immediately after intubation. What are the first critical actions?

Wait for CT

Check tube/ventilator, decompress possible tension pneumothorax, start resuscitation

Give oral fluids

Call outpatient clinic

Yanıt: Check tube/ventilator, decompress possible tension pneumothorax, start resuscitation

Post-entübasyon hipotansiyonda tüp/ventilatör, tansiyon pnömotoraks, preload/şok ve ilaç etkisi hızla değerlendirilir.

Soru motorunda çöz

Medical English / OET Medical English Başlangıç

Safety-netting sentence

Choose the best discharge safety-netting sentence for a patient with abdominal pain.

You are fine forever.

If the pain worsens, you develop fever, vomiting, fainting, or new symptoms, please return to the emergency department immediately.

No need to come back.

Call only if you want.

Yanıt: If the pain worsens, you develop fever, vomiting, fainting, or new symptoms, please return to the emergency department immediately.

Net, koşullu, spesifik ve güvenli geri dönüş talimatı verir.

Soru motorunda çöz

PLAB / UKMLA OSCE OSCE

Chest pain explanation

Explain assessment plan, immediate risks, ECG/troponin monitoring and safety-netting.

Open with introduction and consent

Explore ICE

Explain red flags without alarming

Summarise plan

Check understanding

Yanıt: Emergency Department

8 dakikalık istasyonda yapılandırılmış iletişim, güvenlik ve klinik yönetim değerlendirilir.

Soru motorunda çöz

PLAB / UKMLA OSCE OSCE

Breaking bad news: CT finding

Explain an unexpected suspicious CT result and arrange senior follow-up.

Warning shot

Empathy

Avoid jargon

Offer support

Clear next steps

Yanıt: Acute medical unit

8 dakikalık istasyonda yapılandırılmış iletişim, güvenlik ve klinik yönetim değerlendirilir.

Soru motorunda çöz

PLAB / UKMLA OSCE OSCE

Safeguarding concern

Speak with a parent where injury pattern raises safeguarding concern.

Stay neutral

Prioritise child safety

Escalate to senior

Document objectively

Explain process

Yanıt: Paediatric ED

8 dakikalık istasyonda yapılandırılmış iletişim, güvenlik ve klinik yönetim değerlendirilir.

Soru motorunda çöz

USMLE USMLE Step 2 CK, emergency, sepsis, G100V1 Orta

G100-USMLE-001 | Septic shock first hour

A 68-year-old man presents with fever, confusion, MAP 58 mmHg, lactate 5.1 mmol/L and suspected pneumonia. Oxygen is given and two IV lines are placed. What is the most appropriate next management bundle?

Immediate discharge with oral antibiotics

Broad-spectrum IV antibiotics, blood cultures if feasible without delay, IV crystalloid resuscitation and vasopressors if hypotension persists

Delay antibiotics until sputum culture confirms organism

Give furosemide because lactate is elevated

Yanıt: Broad-spectrum IV antibiotics, blood cultures if feasible without delay, IV crystalloid resuscitation and vasopressors if hypotension persists

Septic shock management is time-critical: infection source control/antibiotics, perfusion restoration with crystalloid, lactate reassessment and vasopressor support if hypotension persists after fluids. Kültür alınması antibiyotiği geciktirmemelidir.

Soru motorunda çöz

USMLE USMLE Step 2 CK, electrolyte, ECG, G100V1 Kolay

G100-USMLE-002 | Hyperkalemia with ECG changes

A dialysis patient has weakness. ECG shows peaked T waves and widening QRS. Potassium is 7.2 mEq/L. Which medication should be given first to stabilize the myocardium?

Regular insulin with dextrose

Nebulized albuterol

IV calcium gluconate

Sodium polystyrene sulfonate

Yanıt: IV calcium gluconate

ECG değişikliği olan hiperkalemide ilk kritik adım kardiyak membranı stabilize etmektir: IV kalsiyum. İnsülin/dextroz ve beta-agonist potasyumu hücre içine kaydırır ama ilk stabilizasyon kalsiyumdur.

Soru motorunda çöz

USMLE USMLE Step 2 CK, allergy, resuscitation, G100V1 Kolay

G100-USMLE-003 | Anaphylaxis after antibiotic

A 24-year-old woman develops wheezing, diffuse urticaria and hypotension minutes after IV cefazolin. What is the best immediate treatment?

IV methylprednisolone only

IM epinephrine into the mid-anterolateral thigh

Oral diphenhydramine and observation

Nebulized saline

Yanıt: IM epinephrine into the mid-anterolateral thigh

Anafilakside yaşam kurtarıcı ilk tedavi IM epinefrindir. Antihistaminik ve steroid yardımcıdır; epinefrinin yerine geçmez.

Soru motorunda çöz

USMLE USMLE Step 2 CK, endocrine, DKA, G100V1 Kolay

G100-USMLE-004 | DKA initial management

A 19-year-old with type 1 diabetes has vomiting, Kussmaul respirations, glucose 520 mg/dL, pH 7.12 and potassium 4.8 mEq/L. Which step should be started first?

IV isotonic fluids

Subcutaneous long-acting insulin only

Sodium bicarbonate for all patients

Immediate discharge after antiemetic

Yanıt: IV isotonic fluids

DKA’da ilk adım dolaşım ve volüm açığını düzeltmek için IV izotonik sıvıdır. İnsülin potasyum değerlendirmesiyle başlanır; rutin bikarbonat çoğu hastada gerekli değildir.

Soru motorunda çöz

USMLE USMLE Step 2 CK, cardiology, STEMI, G100V1 Kolay

G100-USMLE-005 | STEMI reperfusion

A 57-year-old man has crushing chest pain for 70 minutes. ECG shows ST elevation in II, III and aVF. He is at a PCI-capable hospital. What is the best next step?

Schedule outpatient stress test

Immediate reperfusion with primary PCI

Wait for troponin before any treatment

Treat as gastroesophageal reflux

Yanıt: Immediate reperfusion with primary PCI

STEMI’de PCI yapabilen merkezde hedef primer PCI ile hızlı reperfüzyondur. Troponin beklemek reperfüzyonu geciktirmemelidir.

Soru motorunda çöz

USMLE USMLE Step 2 CK, neurology, stroke, G100V1 Kolay

G100-USMLE-006 | Acute ischemic stroke pathway

A 72-year-old has sudden aphasia and right-sided weakness 80 minutes ago. Glucose is normal. What is the most appropriate immediate test before reperfusion decision?

Noncontrast CT head

Lumbar puncture

Carotid ultrasound

EEG

Yanıt: Noncontrast CT head

Akut inmede reperfüzyon kararı öncesi intrakraniyal kanamayı dışlamak için hızlı nonkontrast beyin BT gerekir.

Soru motorunda çöz

USMLE USMLE Step 2 CK, trauma, airway, G100V1 Kolay

G100-USMLE-007 | Tension pneumothorax

After blunt chest trauma, a patient is hypotensive with severe respiratory distress, distended neck veins and absent breath sounds on the left. What is the most appropriate immediate action?

Wait for chest X-ray confirmation

Needle decompression followed by chest tube

Give oral analgesia and observe

Nonurgent outpatient CT

Yanıt: Needle decompression followed by chest tube

Tansiyon pnömotoraks klinik tanıdır; görüntüleme beklenmez. Acil dekompresyon ve ardından tüp torakostomi gerekir.

Soru motorunda çöz

USMLE USMLE Step 2 CK, pulmonary embolism, shock, G100V1 Orta

G100-USMLE-008 | Unstable pulmonary embolism

A postoperative patient has sudden dyspnea, syncope, hypotension and bedside echo showing RV strain. Massive pulmonary embolism is strongly suspected. What treatment is most appropriate if no absolute contraindication exists?

Therapeutic thrombolysis

Outpatient D-dimer

Oral aspirin only

Observation until CT tomorrow

Yanıt: Therapeutic thrombolysis

Hemodinamik instabil masif PE’de kontrendikasyon yoksa sistemik tromboliz düşünülür. Stabil hastada antikoagülasyon ana tedavidir.

Soru motorunda çöz

USMLE USMLE Step 2 CK, neurology, headache, G100V1 Kolay

G100-USMLE-009 | Subarachnoid hemorrhage

A 45-year-old has thunderclap headache at maximal intensity within seconds, vomiting and neck stiffness. What is the best initial diagnostic test?

Noncontrast CT head

MRI lumbar spine

Plain skull X-ray

Serum prolactin

Yanıt: Noncontrast CT head

Thunderclap baş ağrısında SAK dışlanmalıdır; ilk test nonkontrast BT’dir. Gerekirse LP/CTA algoritması ile devam edilir.

Soru motorunda çöz

USMLE USMLE Step 2 CK, obstetrics, ectopic, G100V1 Kolay

G100-USMLE-010 | Ectopic pregnancy unstable

A 29-year-old with positive pregnancy test has abdominal pain, syncope, hypotension and free intraperitoneal fluid on bedside ultrasound. What is the best management?

Methotrexate and discharge

Immediate surgical management with resuscitation

Routine prenatal follow-up

Oral iron only

Yanıt: Immediate surgical management with resuscitation

Rüptüre ektopik gebelik ve instabilite cerrahi acildir; resüsitasyonla birlikte acil jinekolojik cerrahi gerekir.

Soru motorunda çöz

USMLE USMLE Step 2 CK, infection, meningitis, G100V1 Orta

G100-USMLE-011 | Bacterial meningitis treatment

A 66-year-old presents with fever, confusion, neck stiffness and petechial rash. Blood cultures are drawn and CT is not immediately required before LP. Which management is most appropriate?

Delay antibiotics until CSF culture results

Start empiric IV antibiotics promptly, with dexamethasone when indicated

Give oral antivirals only

Discharge if headache improves

Yanıt: Start empiric IV antibiotics promptly, with dexamethasone when indicated

Bakteriyel menenjit şüphesinde antibiyotik geciktirilmemelidir. Deksametazon uygun olgularda antibiyotikle birlikte/öncesinde verilir.

Soru motorunda çöz

USMLE USMLE Step 2 CK, airway, ENT, G100V1 Orta

G100-USMLE-012 | Epiglottitis priority

An adult has fever, drooling, muffled voice and tripod positioning. What is the priority?

Aggressive throat examination with tongue depressor

Secure the airway in a controlled setting

Send home with oral antihistamine

Nebulized bronchodilator only

Yanıt: Secure the airway in a controlled setting

Epiglottitte airway manipülasyonu riski yüksektir; öncelik kontrollü ortamda havayolunu güvenceye almaktır.

Soru motorunda çöz

USMLE USMLE Step 2 CK, neurology, seizure, G100V1 Kolay

G100-USMLE-013 | Status epilepticus

A patient has a generalized tonic-clonic seizure lasting 7 minutes. IV access is available. What is first-line abortive therapy?

IV lorazepam

Oral phenytoin tablet

CT before any medication

Haloperidol

Yanıt: IV lorazepam

Status epileptikusta ilk basamak benzodiazepindir. IV lorazepam erişim varsa uygun ilk seçenektir.

Soru motorunda çöz

USMLE USMLE Step 2 CK, toxicology, opioid, G100V1 Kolay

G100-USMLE-014 | Opioid overdose

A 32-year-old is found unconscious with pinpoint pupils, respiratory rate 5/min and oxygen saturation 82%. What medication is most appropriate while supporting ventilation?

Naloxone

Flumazenil for all coma patients

Atropine

Fomepizole

Yanıt: Naloxone

Opioid toksidromunda solunum depresyonu hayatı tehdit eder. Ventilasyon desteği ve nalokson verilir.

Soru motorunda çöz

USMLE USMLE Step 2 CK, toxicology, antidote, G100V1 Kolay

G100-USMLE-015 | Acetaminophen overdose

A patient presents 10 hours after ingesting a large amount of acetaminophen. Level is above the treatment line. What is the antidote?

N-acetylcysteine

Fomepizole

Deferoxamine

Octreotide

Yanıt: N-acetylcysteine

Parasetamol toksisitesinde antidot N-asetilsisteindir; hepatotoksisite riskini azaltır.

Soru motorunda çöz

USMLE USMLE Step 2 CK, toxicology, CO, G100V1 Orta

G100-USMLE-016 | Carbon monoxide poisoning

A family presents with headache and nausea after using a generator indoors. Pulse oximetry is 99%. What is the best initial treatment?

High-flow oxygen

Reassurance because pulse oximetry is normal

Oral antibiotics

Beta blocker

Yanıt: High-flow oxygen

CO zehirlenmesinde pulse oksimetre yanıltıcı olabilir. Tedavide yüksek akımlı oksijen verilir; ağır olguda hiperbarik oksijen düşünülür.

Soru motorunda çöz

USMLE USMLE Step 2 CK, vascular, chest pain, G100V1 Orta

G100-USMLE-017 | Aortic dissection

A 61-year-old with hypertension has abrupt tearing chest pain radiating to the back and pulse deficit. What imaging is most appropriate if stable enough?

CT angiography of the chest/aorta

Exercise treadmill test

Plain abdominal X-ray

Routine outpatient echocardiography only

Yanıt: CT angiography of the chest/aorta

Aort diseksiyonunda stabil hastada hızlı tanı için BT anjiyografi tipik ilk görüntülemedir. Hemodinamik instabilite varsa bedside TEE/cerrahi yaklaşım düşünülür.

Soru motorunda çöz

USMLE USMLE Step 2 CK, ophthalmology, emergency, G100V1 Orta

G100-USMLE-018 | Acute angle-closure glaucoma

An older patient has severe eye pain, headache, halos, vomiting, a mid-dilated fixed pupil and high intraocular pressure. What is the best next step?

Immediate IOP-lowering therapy and urgent ophthalmology consultation

Patch the eye and discharge

Topical antibiotic only

Routine optometry appointment in one month

Yanıt: Immediate IOP-lowering therapy and urgent ophthalmology consultation

Akut açı kapanması glokomu görme kaybı riski taşır; acil göz basıncı düşürme ve oftalmoloji konsültasyonu gerekir.

Soru motorunda çöz

USMLE USMLE Step 2 CK, infection, surgery, G100V1 Orta

G100-USMLE-019 | Necrotizing fasciitis

A diabetic patient has severe leg pain out of proportion, fever, bullae and rapidly spreading erythema. What is the most important management step?

Urgent surgical debridement plus broad-spectrum antibiotics

Oral cephalexin and 48-hour follow-up

Steroid cream

Compression stockings only

Yanıt: Urgent surgical debridement plus broad-spectrum antibiotics

Nekrotizan fasiitte antibiyotik yetmez; kaynak kontrolü için acil cerrahi debridman kritik tedavidir.

Soru motorunda çöz

USMLE USMLE Step 2 CK, urology, torsion, G100V1 Kolay

G100-USMLE-020 | Testicular torsion

A 15-year-old has sudden severe unilateral testicular pain, high-riding testis and absent cremasteric reflex. What is the next step?

Immediate urologic exploration/detorsion

Wait for urine culture

Treat as epididymitis only

Schedule outpatient ultrasound next week

Yanıt: Immediate urologic exploration/detorsion

Testis torsiyonu zaman bağımlı ürolojik acildir. Klinik şüphe yüksekse cerrahi geciktirilmemelidir.

Soru motorunda çöz

USMLE USMLE Step 2 CK, trauma, orthopedics, G100V1 Orta

G100-USMLE-021 | Compartment syndrome

After tibial fracture reduction, a patient has escalating pain with passive stretch and tense compartments despite analgesia. Pulses are present. What is the best management?

Emergency fasciotomy

Reassure because pulses are present

Apply a tighter cast

Discharge with NSAIDs

Yanıt: Emergency fasciotomy

Kompartman sendromunda nabızların olması tanıyı dışlamaz. Ağrı ve pasif germe ağrısı önemlidir; acil fasiyotomi gerekir.

Soru motorunda çöz

USMLE USMLE Step 2 CK, endocrine, shock, G100V1 Orta

G100-USMLE-022 | Adrenal crisis

A patient on chronic steroids presents with vomiting, hypotension, hyponatremia and hyperkalemia after stopping prednisone. What is the best treatment?

IV hydrocortisone and isotonic fluids

Loop diuretic

Insulin infusion only

Fluid restriction

Yanıt: IV hydrocortisone and isotonic fluids

Adrenal krizde stres doz steroid ve sıvı resüsitasyonu gerekir. Elektrolit bozuklukları ve şok buna bağlıdır.

Soru motorunda çöz

USMLE USMLE Step 2 CK, endocrine, thyroid, G100V1 Zor

G100-USMLE-023 | Thyroid storm

A woman with Graves disease has fever, severe tachycardia, agitation and diarrhea. Which sequence is most appropriate?

Beta blocker, thionamide, then iodine after thionamide

Iodine first, then thionamide next week

Levothyroxine and discharge

No treatment until TSH returns

Yanıt: Beta blocker, thionamide, then iodine after thionamide

Tiroid fırtınasında semptom kontrolü için beta bloker, hormon sentezini engellemek için thionamide, ardından hormon salınımını azaltmak için iodine verilir. İyot thionamide’den sonra verilmelidir.

Soru motorunda çöz

USMLE USMLE Step 2 CK, anesthesia, hyperthermia, G100V1 Orta

G100-USMLE-024 | Malignant hyperthermia

During anesthesia, a patient develops hypercarbia, muscle rigidity, hyperthermia and acidosis. What is the specific treatment?

Dantrolene

Naloxone

Protamine

Vitamin K

Yanıt: Dantrolene

Malign hipertermide tetikleyici ajan kesilir, destek tedavisi verilir ve spesifik tedavi dantrolendir.

Soru motorunda çöz

USMLE USMLE Step 2 CK, infection, GI, G100V1 Orta

G100-USMLE-025 | Clostridioides difficile

A hospitalized patient develops watery diarrhea after broad-spectrum antibiotics. Stool toxin test is positive. What is appropriate initial therapy for non-fulminant disease?

Oral vancomycin or fidaxomicin

Loperamide alone

IV ceftriaxone

High-dose steroids

Yanıt: Oral vancomycin or fidaxomicin

C. difficile enfeksiyonunda non-fulminan olguda oral vankomisin veya fidaksomisin kullanılır. Antimotilite ajanları tek başına uygun değildir.

Soru motorunda çöz

USMLE USMLE Step 2 CK, pediatrics, airway, G100V1 Kolay

G100-USMLE-026 | Pediatric croup

A 3-year-old has barking cough and inspiratory stridor at rest. What treatment is most appropriate?

Dexamethasone plus nebulized epinephrine

Oral amoxicillin only

Immediate tonsillectomy

No treatment because croup is always mild

Yanıt: Dexamethasone plus nebulized epinephrine

İstirahatte stridor orta-ağır krup bulgusudur; steroid ve nebülize epinefrin gerekir.

Soru motorunda çöz

USMLE USMLE Step 2 CK, pediatrics, fever, G100V1 Orta

G100-USMLE-027 | Febrile neonate

A 21-day-old infant has temperature 38.4°C and appears irritable. What is the safest management approach?

Full sepsis evaluation and empiric IV antibiotics

Discharge with antipyretic only

Wait for outpatient pediatric visit in 1 week

No evaluation if viral swab is pending

Yanıt: Full sepsis evaluation and empiric IV antibiotics

Febril yenidoğanda ciddi bakteriyel enfeksiyon riski yüksektir; sepsis değerlendirmesi ve ampirik IV antibiyotik yaklaşımı gerekir.

Soru motorunda çöz

USMLE USMLE Step 2 CK, GI, bleeding, G100V1 Kolay

G100-USMLE-028 | Upper GI bleed instability

A patient with hematemesis is hypotensive and tachycardic. What is the priority?

Airway/breathing/circulation resuscitation with large-bore IV access and blood products as needed

Immediate outpatient endoscopy appointment

Oral antacid only

Colonoscopy before stabilization

Yanıt: Airway/breathing/circulation resuscitation with large-bore IV access and blood products as needed

Üst GİS kanamada ilk öncelik ABC ve hemodinamik stabilizasyondur. Endoskopi stabilizasyon sonrası planlanır.

Soru motorunda çöz

USMLE USMLE Step 2 CK, environmental, heat stroke, G100V1 Kolay

G100-USMLE-029 | Heat stroke

A marathon runner is confused with rectal temperature 41°C and hot skin. What is the most important immediate treatment?

Rapid active cooling

Acetaminophen only

Oral hydration and discharge

Antibiotics before cooling

Yanıt: Rapid active cooling

Sıcak çarpmasında mortaliteyi azaltan kritik tedavi hızlı aktif soğutmadır; antipiretikler etkili değildir.

Soru motorunda çöz

USMLE USMLE Step 2 CK, psychiatry, withdrawal, G100V1 Orta

G100-USMLE-030 | Alcohol withdrawal delirium

A hospitalized patient 72 hours after last drink has agitation, fever, hypertension, tremor and hallucinations. What medication class is first-line?

Benzodiazepines

Beta-lactam antibiotics

SSRI monotherapy

Naloxone

Yanıt: Benzodiazepines

Alkol yoksunluğu ve delirium tremens tedavisinde benzodiazepinler ilk basamaktır; tiamin ve destek tedavisi de unutulmamalıdır.

Soru motorunda çöz

PLAB / UKMLA PLAB 1, UKMLA, sepsis, G100V1 Kolay

G100-PLAB-001 | Sepsis in UK ED

A 74-year-old in the ED has suspected UTI, new confusion, RR 28, systolic BP 88 and lactate 4.2. Which action best reflects safe initial management?

Start sepsis bundle urgently including oxygen if needed, cultures, IV antibiotics, IV fluids, lactate monitoring and senior review

Ask GP to review tomorrow

Give oral trimethoprim and discharge

Wait for urine culture before treatment

Yanıt: Start sepsis bundle urgently including oxygen if needed, cultures, IV antibiotics, IV fluids, lactate monitoring and senior review

PLAB tarzı yaklaşımda hasta güvenliği ve erken eskalasyon önemlidir. Şok/sepsis bulguları olan hasta acil sepsis bundle ve senior review gerektirir.

Soru motorunda çöz

PLAB / UKMLA PLAB 1, ethics, capacity, G100V1 Orta

G100-PLAB-002 | Capacity assessment

A patient refuses admission for pneumonia. He can explain his diagnosis, risks of leaving, options and communicates a stable choice. What is the best conclusion?

He has capacity for this decision, even if the decision seems unwise

He lacks capacity because he disagrees with doctors

Call police to force admission in all cases

Ask family to decide automatically

Yanıt: He has capacity for this decision, even if the decision seems unwise

Kapasite karar spesifiktir. Anlama, tutma, tartma ve iletişim kurma varsa hasta kötü/akılsız görünen kararı verebilir.

Soru motorunda çöz

PLAB / UKMLA PLAB 1, safeguarding, pediatrics, G100V1 Kolay

G100-PLAB-003 | Child safeguarding

A 2-year-old has bruises in different stages of healing and the caregiver gives inconsistent explanations. What is the best action?

Discuss concerns with safeguarding lead/senior and follow child protection procedures

Ignore because bruises are common

Discharge without documentation

Confront the caregiver aggressively and accuse them

Yanıt: Discuss concerns with safeguarding lead/senior and follow child protection procedures

Safeguarding şüphesinde iyi dokümantasyon, senior/safeguarding lead ile görüşme ve yerel çocuk koruma prosedürlerini izleme gerekir.

Soru motorunda çöz

PLAB / UKMLA PLAB 1, professionalism, patient safety, G100V1 Orta

G100-PLAB-004 | Duty of candour

A medication error caused temporary harm to a patient. What should the doctor do?

Be open with the patient, apologise, explain what is known and follow incident reporting procedures

Hide the error if symptoms improved

Blame nursing staff in front of the patient

Change the record to avoid investigation

Yanıt: Be open with the patient, apologise, explain what is known and follow incident reporting procedures

Duty of candour yaklaşımı açık iletişim, özür, açıklama, kayıt ve olay bildirimini içerir.

Soru motorunda çöz

PLAB / UKMLA PLAB 1, discharge, safety-netting, G100V1 Kolay

G100-PLAB-005 | Chest pain discharge safety

A low-risk chest pain patient is discharged after appropriate ED assessment. Which advice is safest?

Return immediately if chest pain recurs, becomes severe, or is associated with breathlessness, sweating, fainting or new symptoms

You will never have a heart problem

Only return if pain lasts more than 7 days

Do not call emergency services under any circumstance

Yanıt: Return immediately if chest pain recurs, becomes severe, or is associated with breathlessness, sweating, fainting or new symptoms

UK sınavları güvenli taburculuk ve safety-netting’i sever: spesifik kırmızı bayraklar ve geri dönüş talimatı verilmelidir.

Soru motorunda çöz

PLAB / UKMLA PLAB 1, respiratory, COPD, G100V1 Orta

G100-PLAB-006 | COPD exacerbation

A COPD patient has increased breathlessness, wheeze and increased sputum purulence. Oxygen saturation is 86% on air. What oxygen strategy is appropriate initially?

Controlled oxygen targeting 88-92% unless otherwise indicated

High-flow oxygen targeting 100% for all COPD patients

No oxygen because COPD patients should never receive oxygen

Discharge with no treatment

Yanıt: Controlled oxygen targeting 88-92% unless otherwise indicated

COPD/hiperkapni riski olan hastada kontrollü oksijen ve hedef saturasyon genellikle 88–92% aralığıdır; klinik duruma göre ABG ve tedavi planlanır.

Soru motorunda çöz

PLAB / UKMLA PLAB 1, respiratory, asthma, G100V1 Kolay

G100-PLAB-007 | Acute asthma

A young adult has severe asthma attack with inability to complete sentences, RR 32 and PEF 40% predicted. What is the best immediate treatment?

High-flow oxygen, nebulised salbutamol, ipratropium, systemic steroids and senior review

Oral antihistamine only

Inhaled steroid only and discharge

Antibiotics only

Yanıt: High-flow oxygen, nebulised salbutamol, ipratropium, systemic steroids and senior review

Şiddetli astımda oksijen, SABA, ipratropium, sistemik steroid ve erken eskalasyon gerekir.

Soru motorunda çöz

PLAB / UKMLA PLAB 1, PE, diagnosis, G100V1 Orta

G100-PLAB-008 | PE investigation stable

A stable patient has pleuritic chest pain and moderate clinical probability of PE. What is the best next investigation?

CT pulmonary angiography unless contraindicated

Immediate discharge without testing

Exercise ECG

Sputum culture

Yanıt: CT pulmonary angiography unless contraindicated

Orta/yüksek klinik olasılıkta PE için CTPA tipik tanısal testtir; düşük olasılıkta D-dimer algoritmaları kullanılır.

Soru motorunda çöz

PLAB / UKMLA PLAB 1, psychiatry, risk, G100V1 Kolay

G100-PLAB-009 | Mental health immediate risk

A patient says he intends to kill himself tonight and has a specific plan. What is the best ED action?

Do not let him leave unsafely; arrange urgent mental health assessment and senior support

Give a leaflet and discharge

Tell him to call GP next month

Ignore because he is calm

Yanıt: Do not let him leave unsafely; arrange urgent mental health assessment and senior support

Acil intihar riski varsa güvenlik, gözetim, mental health değerlendirmesi ve senior eskalasyon gerekir.

Soru motorunda çöz

PLAB / UKMLA PLAB 1, ethics, adolescent, G100V1 Orta

G100-PLAB-010 | Confidentiality in teenager

A 15-year-old asks for contraception and appears competent, with no safeguarding concern disclosed. What is the best approach?

Assess competence, encourage involving parents but respect confidentiality if competent and safe

Always inform parents without discussion

Refuse to see her without parents

Call police automatically

Yanıt: Assess competence, encourage involving parents but respect confidentiality if competent and safe

Genç hastada Gillick competence, güvenlik/safeguarding ve gizlilik ilkeleri birlikte değerlendirilir.

Soru motorunda çöz

PLAB / UKMLA PLAB 1, occupational health, infection, G100V1 Kolay

G100-PLAB-011 | Needlestick injury

A junior doctor sustains a needlestick injury from a high-risk source patient. What is the best immediate action?

Wash the wound, report immediately, assess source/patient risk and consider urgent PEP pathway

Ignore if there is no bleeding

Wait one month before reporting

Suture the puncture wound closed

Yanıt: Wash the wound, report immediately, assess source/patient risk and consider urgent PEP pathway

Kesici-delici yaralanmada ilk yardım, hızlı raporlama, risk değerlendirmesi ve gerekirse PEP zaman kritiktir.

Soru motorunda çöz

PLAB / UKMLA PLAB 1, consent, procedure, G100V1 Kolay

G100-PLAB-012 | Consent for procedure

Before lumbar puncture, what is the most important consent principle?

Explain indication, material risks, benefits, alternatives and check understanding voluntarily

Ask for a signature without explanation

Only explain common risks if the patient asks

Let relatives consent for a capacitated adult

Yanıt: Explain indication, material risks, benefits, alternatives and check understanding voluntarily

Geçerli onam bilgilendirilmiş, gönüllü ve kapasitesi olan hasta tarafından verilmiş olmalıdır. Alternatifler ve önemli riskler konuşulmalıdır.

Soru motorunda çöz

PLAB / UKMLA PLAB 1, safeguarding, domestic abuse, G100V1 Orta

G100-PLAB-013 | Domestic abuse concern

A woman with repeated injuries appears frightened when her partner answers all questions. What is the best next step?

Find a safe opportunity to speak to her alone and assess immediate risk/support needs

Ask the partner to explain everything

Discharge without documentation

Accuse the partner publicly in the waiting room

Yanıt: Find a safe opportunity to speak to her alone and assess immediate risk/support needs

Domestic abuse şüphesinde güvenli yalnız görüşme, risk değerlendirmesi, destek ve dokümantasyon gerekir.

Soru motorunda çöz

PLAB / UKMLA PLAB 1, ethics, communication, G100V1 Orta

G100-PLAB-014 | End-of-life DNACPR discussion

A frail patient with advanced disease asks what DNACPR means. What is the best response?

Explain sensitively that it concerns CPR if the heart/breathing stops, and it does not mean stopping all active treatment

Say it means doctors will not treat infections

Avoid the conversation completely

Tell the family only, not the patient

Yanıt: Explain sensitively that it concerns CPR if the heart/breathing stops, and it does not mean stopping all active treatment

DNACPR sadece kardiyopulmoner resüsitasyon kararını ifade eder; diğer uygun tedavilerin verilmemesi anlamına gelmez.

Soru motorunda çöz

PLAB / UKMLA PLAB 1, infection, travel, G100V1 Kolay

G100-PLAB-015 | Fever in returning traveller

A patient has fever after returning from sub-Saharan Africa. What diagnosis must be considered urgently?

Malaria

Seasonal allergy only

Tension headache only

Vitamin deficiency

Yanıt: Malaria

Seyahat sonrası ateşte malaria acil dışlanması gereken tanılardan biridir; gecikme ölümcül olabilir.

Soru motorunda çöz

PLAB / UKMLA PLAB 1, orthopedics, red flags, G100V1 Kolay

G100-PLAB-016 | Red flag back pain

A patient with back pain has urinary retention, saddle anaesthesia and bilateral leg weakness. What is the most appropriate action?

Emergency MRI spine and urgent spinal/neurosurgical referral

Simple analgesia and routine GP follow-up

Physiotherapy next month

Reassure without examination

Yanıt: Emergency MRI spine and urgent spinal/neurosurgical referral

Kauda equina bulguları acil MRG ve cerrahi değerlendirme gerektirir.

Soru motorunda çöz

PLAB / UKMLA PLAB 1, trauma, anticoagulation, G100V1 Orta

G100-PLAB-017 | Falls in elderly

An older patient falls and is on warfarin. He hit his head but feels well. What is the safest approach?

Assess for head injury risk and arrange appropriate urgent imaging/observation according to local pathway

Discharge because he feels well

Stop warfarin forever without review

No neurological assessment needed

Yanıt: Assess for head injury risk and arrange appropriate urgent imaging/observation according to local pathway

Antikoagülan kullanan yaşlı kafa travması hastasında semptomsuz olmak riski dışlamaz; lokal kafa travması protokolüne göre görüntüleme/izlem gerekir.

Soru motorunda çöz

PLAB / UKMLA PLAB 1, urology, retention, G100V1 Kolay

G100-PLAB-018 | Acute urinary retention

A 70-year-old man has painful inability to pass urine and suprapubic fullness. What is the best immediate management?

Urethral catheterisation unless contraindicated

Oral antibiotics only and discharge

Wait for urology clinic next month

Fluid restriction only

Yanıt: Urethral catheterisation unless contraindicated

Ağrılı akut idrar retansiyonunda mesane dekompresyonu gerekir; kateterizasyon ilk adımdır.

Soru motorunda çöz

PLAB / UKMLA PLAB 1, endocrine, hypoglycaemia, G100V1 Kolay

G100-PLAB-019 | Hypoglycaemia conscious patient

A conscious diabetic patient is sweaty and confused; capillary glucose is 2.4 mmol/L and he can swallow safely. What is best initial treatment?

Oral fast-acting carbohydrate

IV insulin

No treatment until lab confirmation

Long-acting insulin

Yanıt: Oral fast-acting carbohydrate

Yutabilen bilinçli hipoglisemi hastasında hızlı etkili oral karbonhidrat verilir. Bilinç kapalı/yutma güvensizse IV glukoz/IM glukagon seçenekleri düşünülür.

Soru motorunda çöz

PLAB / UKMLA PLAB 1, obstetrics, vomiting, G100V1 Orta

G100-PLAB-020 | Hyperemesis and ketones

A pregnant woman has persistent vomiting, dehydration and ketonuria. What is appropriate management?

IV fluids, antiemetics and thiamine if prolonged vomiting before dextrose-containing fluids

Discharge without treatment

ACE inhibitor

No assessment of electrolytes needed

Yanıt: IV fluids, antiemetics and thiamine if prolonged vomiting before dextrose-containing fluids

Hiperemezis gravidarumda sıvı-elektrolit düzeltimi, antiemetik ve uzun kusmada dekstroz öncesi tiamin önemli güvenlik noktalarıdır.

Soru motorunda çöz

PLAB / UKMLA PLAB 1, pediatrics, meningitis, G100V1 Kolay

G100-PLAB-021 | Suspected meningitis in child

A child has fever, non-blanching rash and lethargy. What is the best immediate management?

Urgent senior review and empiric IV antibiotics/resuscitation pathway

Wait at home for rash to fade

Topical cream

Routine GP appointment next week

Yanıt: Urgent senior review and empiric IV antibiotics/resuscitation pathway

Non-blanching rash ve sistemik kötü görünüm meningokok/sepsis açısından acil yaklaşım gerektirir.

Soru motorunda çöz

PLAB / UKMLA PLAB 1, cardiology, ACS, G100V1 Kolay

G100-PLAB-022 | Acute coronary syndrome initial meds

A patient has suspected ACS without contraindication. Which medication is commonly given early?

Aspirin

Long-term antibiotics

High-dose steroid only

Methotrexate

Yanıt: Aspirin

ACS şüphesinde kontrendikasyon yoksa aspirin erken verilmesi gereken temel tedavidir; reperfüzyon/antikoagülasyon stratejisi duruma göre belirlenir.

Soru motorunda çöz

PLAB / UKMLA PLAB 1, orthopedics, imaging, G100V1 Kolay

G100-PLAB-023 | Ankle injury Ottawa principle

A patient has ankle trauma and cannot bear weight with bony tenderness at the posterior edge of the lateral malleolus. What is appropriate?

Ankle X-ray

No imaging needed by any rule

Immediate CT chest

Discharge without advice

Yanıt: Ankle X-ray

Ottawa ankle kurallarında malleol hassasiyeti ve yük verememe gibi bulgular grafi endikasyonudur.

Soru motorunda çöz

PLAB / UKMLA PLAB 1, haematology, pain, G100V1 Orta

G100-PLAB-024 | Sickle cell painful crisis

A patient with sickle cell disease presents with severe limb pain typical of vaso-occlusive crisis. What is a key early management principle?

Prompt adequate analgesia, hydration assessment and evaluation for complications

Withhold analgesia until imaging proves crisis

Discharge with no pain relief

Give iron tablets as emergency treatment

Yanıt: Prompt adequate analgesia, hydration assessment and evaluation for complications

Vazo-oklüzif krizde hızlı ve yeterli analjezi, sıvı durumu ve akut göğüs sendromu/enfeksiyon gibi komplikasyonların değerlendirilmesi önemlidir.

Soru motorunda çöz

PLAB / UKMLA PLAB 1, obstetrics, haemorrhage, G100V1 Orta

G100-PLAB-025 | Postpartum haemorrhage

Immediately after delivery, a woman has heavy bleeding and a boggy uterus. What is the likely cause and first management focus?

Uterine atony; uterine massage, uterotonics and resuscitation/escalation

Ectopic pregnancy; methotrexate

Migraine; triptan

Appendicitis; antibiotics only

Yanıt: Uterine atony; uterine massage, uterotonics and resuscitation/escalation

Postpartum kanamanın sık nedeni uterin atonidir. Resüsitasyon, uterin masaj, uterotonik ve ekip eskalasyonu gerekir.

Soru motorunda çöz

PLAB / UKMLA PLAB 1, pediatrics, safety-netting, G100V1 Kolay

G100-PLAB-026 | Acute otitis media safety

A child with ear pain is well, but parents ask what symptoms require urgent reassessment. Which advice is best?

Return urgently if drowsy, neck stiffness, swelling behind ear, persistent vomiting, breathing difficulty or worsening symptoms

Never come back for ear pain

Only return if symptoms last 6 months

Stop all fluids

Yanıt: Return urgently if drowsy, neck stiffness, swelling behind ear, persistent vomiting, breathing difficulty or worsening symptoms

Safety-netting spesifik, anlaşılır ve kırmızı bayrak odaklı olmalıdır.

Soru motorunda çöz

PLAB / UKMLA PLAB 1, allergy, anaphylaxis, G100V1 Kolay

G100-PLAB-027 | Allergic reaction with airway risk

A patient has facial swelling, hoarse voice and wheeze after peanuts. What is the best treatment?

IM adrenaline and airway-focused emergency management

Oral antihistamine only

Reassurance only

Antibiotic throat spray

Yanıt: IM adrenaline and airway-focused emergency management

Havayolu/solunum etkilenimi olan alerjik reaksiyon anafilaksi kabul edilir; IM adrenalin ve acil yaklaşım gerekir.

Soru motorunda çöz

PLAB / UKMLA PLAB 1, communication, ethics, G100V1 Kolay

G100-PLAB-028 | Shared decision making

A patient asks about two reasonable treatment options. What is the best communication approach?

Discuss benefits, risks and patient preferences to reach a shared decision

Tell the patient only the option you prefer without explanation

Ask them not to ask questions

Use jargon to save time

Yanıt: Discuss benefits, risks and patient preferences to reach a shared decision

NHS/PLAB iletişiminde shared decision making, anlaşılır bilgi ve hastanın değerlerini dikkate alma önemlidir.

Soru motorunda çöz

PLAB / UKMLA PLAB 1, neurology, stroke, G100V1 Kolay

G100-PLAB-029 | Suspected stroke FAST positive

A patient has new facial droop and arm weakness starting 40 minutes ago. What is the most appropriate action?

Activate urgent stroke pathway and arrange immediate brain imaging

Give antibiotics and wait

Book routine outpatient neurology

Tell patient to sleep and see if it improves

Yanıt: Activate urgent stroke pathway and arrange immediate brain imaging

Akut inme zaman kritiktir; stroke pathway ve hızlı görüntüleme/reperfüzyon değerlendirmesi gerekir.

Soru motorunda çöz

PLAB / UKMLA PLAB 1, communication, handover, G100V1 Kolay

G100-PLAB-030 | Handover SBAR

You need to call a medical registrar about an unstable patient. Which structure is best?

SBAR: Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation

Random story without vital signs

Only send a text message saying urgent

Wait until the end of the shift

Yanıt: SBAR: Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation

SBAR acil hasta devrinde net ve güvenli iletişim sağlar: durum, arka plan, değerlendirme ve öneri.

Soru motorunda çöz

BOARD / EM Cases Emergency Board, airway, asthma, G100V1 Zor

G100-BOARD-001 | Crashing asthmatic

A 29-year-old with severe asthma is silent chest, exhausted, SpO2 86% despite nebulizers, and rising CO2. What is the most important next step?

Prepare for controlled RSI/intubation with senior airway help while continuing aggressive bronchodilator therapy

Discharge after one more nebulizer

Give oral cough syrup

Wait for outpatient spirometry

Yanıt: Prepare for controlled RSI/intubation with senior airway help while continuing aggressive bronchodilator therapy

Sessiz akciğer, yorgunluk ve hiperkapni impending respiratory failure bulgularıdır. Airway planı, ekip ve resüsitasyon eş zamanlı yürütülmelidir.

Soru motorunda çöz

BOARD / EM Cases Emergency Board, trauma, shock, G100V1 Orta

G100-BOARD-002 | Trauma hypotension

A trauma patient is hypotensive with positive FAST after MVC. Pelvis is stable and breath sounds are equal. What is the key disposition/management?

Massive transfusion protocol and urgent operative/trauma surgery source control

CT with oral contrast before resuscitation

Outpatient follow-up

Only crystalloid for several hours

Yanıt: Massive transfusion protocol and urgent operative/trauma surgery source control

Travmada pozitif FAST + hipotansiyon intraabdominal kanama lehinedir. Hemostatik resüsitasyon ve cerrahi kaynak kontrolü gerekir.

Soru motorunda çöz

BOARD / EM Cases Emergency Board, pediatrics, seizure, G100V1 Kolay

G100-BOARD-003 | Pediatric seizure fever

A 16-month-old has a generalized seizure lasting 12 minutes with fever. What is the initial seizure-stopping medication?

Benzodiazepine

Oral acetaminophen only

CT before medication

Antibiotics only

Yanıt: Benzodiazepine

Aktif uzamış nöbette ilk abortif ilaç benzodiazepindir. Ateş yönetimi ve altta yatan neden değerlendirmesi sonrasında yapılır.

Soru motorunda çöz

BOARD / EM Cases Emergency Board, cardiology, RV infarct, G100V1 Zor

G100-BOARD-004 | STEMI with RV infarct

Inferior STEMI patient is hypotensive, lungs clear, JVP elevated. Right-sided ECG suggests RV infarction. Which intervention should be used cautiously/avoided initially?

Nitroglycerin

IV fluids

Primary PCI

Aspirin

Yanıt: Nitroglycerin

RV infarktında preload bağımlılığı vardır; nitratlar hipotansiyonu kötüleştirebilir. Reperfüzyon ve dikkatli sıvı yaklaşımı önemlidir.

Soru motorunda çöz

BOARD / EM Cases Emergency Board, toxicology, CCB, G100V1 Zor

G100-BOARD-005 | Calcium channel blocker overdose

A patient overdosed on verapamil and is bradycardic, hypotensive and hyperglycemic. What therapy is a key antidotal strategy?

High-dose insulin euglycemia therapy

N-acetylcysteine

Methylene blue as first-line for all cases

Flumazenil

Yanıt: High-dose insulin euglycemia therapy

Kalsiyum kanal blokeri toksisitesinde yüksek doz insülin euglisemi tedavisi önemli tedavi seçeneklerinden biridir; kalsiyum, vazopressör, lipid vb. olguya göre eklenir.

Soru motorunda çöz

BOARD / EM Cases Emergency Board, GI bleed, airway, G100V1 Orta

G100-BOARD-006 | Massive GI bleed airway

A patient with massive hematemesis is confused and cannot protect the airway. What should be prioritized?

Airway protection with resuscitation and blood product preparation

Oral PPI only

Outpatient endoscopy

Nasogastric tube before assessing airway

Yanıt: Airway protection with resuscitation and blood product preparation

Massif hematemezde aspirasyon riski ve şok birlikte değerlendirilir. Havayolu, dolaşım ve kan ürünü hazırlığı önceliklidir.

Soru motorunda çöz

BOARD / EM Cases Emergency Board, ACLS, dysrhythmia, G100V1 Zor

G100-BOARD-007 | Electrical storm

A patient has recurrent unstable ventricular tachycardia despite cardioversion. What is a key immediate management component?

ACLS-based repeated cardioversion/defibrillation as indicated, antiarrhythmic therapy and correction of triggers

Discharge after sinus rhythm once

Only oral beta blocker and wait

No electrolyte assessment

Yanıt: ACLS-based repeated cardioversion/defibrillation as indicated, antiarrhythmic therapy and correction of triggers

Elektriksel fırtınada ACLS, antiaritmik, elektrolit/iskemi/toksin gibi tetikleyicilerin düzeltilmesi ve yoğun bakım/kardiyoloji desteği gerekir.

Soru motorunda çöz

BOARD / EM Cases Emergency Board, pediatrics, fever, G100V1 Orta

G100-BOARD-008 | Neonatal fever ED disposition

A 12-day-old infant has rectal temp 38.2°C. What is the safest ED disposition?

Admit after full sepsis evaluation and empiric antibiotics

Discharge if viral test is negative

Give antipyretic and no labs

Routine follow-up in 2 weeks

Yanıt: Admit after full sepsis evaluation and empiric antibiotics

İlk ay febril bebek yüksek risklidir. Sepsis değerlendirmesi, ampirik antibiyotik ve yatış güvenli yaklaşımdır.

Soru motorunda çöz

BOARD / EM Cases Emergency Board, psychiatry, toxicology, G100V1 Orta

G100-BOARD-009 | Agitated delirium

A severely agitated patient is hyperthermic, tachycardic and fighting staff. What is the safest first priority?

Team-based safety, rapid sedation when needed, cooling and search for medical/toxicologic causes

Argue until he calms down

Leave him alone unmonitored

Discharge for behavioral issue

Yanıt: Team-based safety, rapid sedation when needed, cooling and search for medical/toxicologic causes

Agitated delirium tıbbi acildir. Personel/hasta güvenliği, sedasyon, soğutma ve hipoglisemi/toksin/sepsis gibi nedenlerin dışlanması gerekir.

Soru motorunda çöz

BOARD / EM Cases Emergency Board, pediatrics, DKA, G100V1 Zor

G100-BOARD-010 | Pediatric DKA cerebral edema

A child with DKA being treated develops headache, bradycardia and decreased consciousness. What complication is suspected and what is treatment?

Cerebral edema; hypertonic saline or mannitol and ICU escalation

Hypoglycemia only; give oral juice

Migraine; discharge

Otitis media; antibiotics only

Yanıt: Cerebral edema; hypertonic saline or mannitol and ICU escalation

Pediatrik DKA’da bilinç bozulması/serebral ödem ölümcül komplikasyondur; hipertonik tedavi ve yoğun bakım gerekir.

Soru motorunda çöz

BOARD / EM Cases Emergency Board, trauma, airway, G100V1 Zor

G100-BOARD-011 | Penetrating neck trauma

A patient with penetrating neck injury has expanding hematoma and stridor. What is the priority?

Immediate airway control with surgical/trauma support

CT angiography before any airway plan

Discharge if speaking

Apply small dressing and wait

Yanıt: Immediate airway control with surgical/trauma support

Penetran boyun travmasında expanding hematoma/stridor havayolu tehdididir. Kontrollü havayolu ve cerrahi destek önceliklidir.

Soru motorunda çöz

BOARD / EM Cases Emergency Board, ACLS, atrial fibrillation, G100V1 Kolay

G100-BOARD-012 | Atrial fibrillation unstable

A patient with atrial fibrillation has hypotension and pulmonary edema. What is the next step?

Synchronized cardioversion

Start oral rate control and wait 12 hours

Outpatient Holter

No treatment

Yanıt: Synchronized cardioversion

Hemodinamik instabil taşiaritmide senkronize kardiyoversiyon gerekir. Stabil hastada rate/rhythm stratejisi ayrıca değerlendirilir.

Soru motorunda çöz

BOARD / EM Cases Emergency Board, disaster, rhabdomyolysis, G100V1 Orta

G100-BOARD-013 | Crush injury rhabdomyolysis

A rescued earthquake victim has crushed legs, dark urine and CK markedly elevated. What is a key early ED treatment?

Aggressive IV isotonic fluids while monitoring electrolytes and renal function

Fluid restriction

Oral calcium only

Delay fluids until CK normalizes

Yanıt: Aggressive IV isotonic fluids while monitoring electrolytes and renal function

Crush/rabdomiyolizde böbrek hasarını azaltmak için erken IV sıvı ve elektrolit takibi kritik önemdedir.

Soru motorunda çöz

BOARD / EM Cases Emergency Board, vascular, limb ischemia, G100V1 Orta

G100-BOARD-014 | Acute limb ischemia

A patient has sudden painful pale cold leg with absent pulses. What is the key management?

Urgent vascular surgery consultation and anticoagulation if not contraindicated

Apply warm compress and discharge

Wait for outpatient Doppler next month

Compression bandage

Yanıt: Urgent vascular surgery consultation and anticoagulation if not contraindicated

Akut ekstremite iskemisi zaman kritik vasküler acildir; heparinizasyon ve damar cerrahisi değerlendirmesi gerekir.

Soru motorunda çöz

BOARD / EM Cases Emergency Board, electrolytes, seizure, G100V1 Orta

G100-BOARD-015 | Severe hyponatremia seizure

A patient has sodium 112 mEq/L and a generalized seizure. What is the most appropriate treatment?

Hypertonic saline bolus

Free water intake

Oral salt tablets only and discharge

D5W infusion

Yanıt: Hypertonic saline bolus

Nöbet gibi ciddi semptom veren hiponatremide hipertonik salinle kontrollü acil düzeltme gerekir.

Soru motorunda çöz

BOARD / EM Cases Emergency Board, toxicology, beta blocker, G100V1 Zor

G100-BOARD-016 | Beta blocker overdose

A patient overdosed on propranolol and has bradycardia, hypotension and seizures. Which treatment is commonly used in severe beta-blocker toxicity?

Glucagon and supportive vasopressor/critical care therapy

Naloxone only

Vitamin K

Protamine

Yanıt: Glucagon and supportive vasopressor/critical care therapy

Beta bloker toksisitesinde glukagon, vazopressör, yüksek doz insülin ve lipid gibi tedaviler olguya göre kullanılır; propranololde nöbet görülebilir.

Soru motorunda çöz

BOARD / EM Cases Emergency Board, ENT, airway, G100V1 Zor

G100-BOARD-017 | Ludwig angina

A diabetic patient has fever, submandibular swelling, tongue elevation and drooling. What is the priority?

Airway assessment/control plus broad-spectrum antibiotics and surgical consultation

Oral mouthwash only

Routine dental appointment next month

NSAID and discharge

Yanıt: Airway assessment/control plus broad-spectrum antibiotics and surgical consultation

Ludwig anjini havayolu obstrüksiyonu riski taşır. Airway, IV antibiyotik ve cerrahi/KBB değerlendirme gerekir.

Soru motorunda çöz

BOARD / EM Cases Emergency Board, pediatrics, respiratory, G100V1 Orta

G100-BOARD-018 | Pediatric bronchiolitis

A 4-month-old with bronchiolitis has apnea episodes and poor feeding. What is appropriate disposition?

Hospital admission/monitoring

Discharge without observation

Routine antibiotics for all bronchiolitis

Steroids as sole treatment and discharge

Yanıt: Hospital admission/monitoring

Apne, küçük yaş ve beslenme bozukluğu bronşiolitte yatış/izlem gerektiren risklerdir.

Soru motorunda çöz

BOARD / EM Cases Emergency Board, toxicology, pediatrics, G100V1 Orta

G100-BOARD-019 | Caustic ingestion

A child ingests drain cleaner and has drooling and oral burns. What should be avoided?

Inducing vomiting or attempting neutralization

Airway assessment

Poison center/GI consultation

NPO and supportive care

Yanıt: Inducing vomiting or attempting neutralization

Kostik alımda kusma indüksiyonu ve nötralizasyon zararı artırabilir. Airway, NPO, destek ve uzman değerlendirmesi gerekir.

Soru motorunda çöz

BOARD / EM Cases Emergency Board, environmental, drowning, G100V1 Kolay

G100-BOARD-020 | Drowning resuscitation

A drowning victim is hypoxic and coughing with altered mental status. What is the main resuscitation priority?

Oxygenation and ventilation support

Prophylactic antibiotics for every case before airway

Diuretics

Immediate discharge after warming

Yanıt: Oxygenation and ventilation support

Boğulmada temel ölüm mekanizması hipoksidir; oksijenasyon/ventilasyon önceliklidir. Antibiyotik rutin profilaksi değildir.

Soru motorunda çöz

BOARD / EM Cases Emergency Board, infection, urology, G100V1 Orta

G100-BOARD-021 | Fournier gangrene

A diabetic man has perineal pain, fever, crepitus and toxic appearance. What is the key management?

Broad-spectrum antibiotics and urgent surgical debridement

Topical antifungal only

Outpatient urology visit

Oral analgesic only

Yanıt: Broad-spectrum antibiotics and urgent surgical debridement

Fournier gangreni nekrotizan enfeksiyondur; erken geniş spektrum antibiyotik ve cerrahi debridman gerekir.

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BOARD / EM Cases Emergency Board, toxicology, salicylate, G100V1 Zor

G100-BOARD-022 | Salicylate toxicity

A patient has tinnitus, vomiting, tachypnea and mixed respiratory alkalosis/metabolic acidosis after overdose. What treatment enhances elimination in significant toxicity?

Urinary alkalinization with sodium bicarbonate

Naloxone

Activated charcoal only after 48 hours

Calcium gluconate as antidote

Yanıt: Urinary alkalinization with sodium bicarbonate

Salisilat toksisitesinde idrar alkalinizasyonu eliminasyonu artırır; ağır olguda hemodiyaliz düşünülür.

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BOARD / EM Cases Emergency Board, toxicology, TCA, G100V1 Zor

G100-BOARD-023 | Tricyclic antidepressant overdose

A patient with TCA overdose has hypotension and QRS widening. What is the key treatment?

IV sodium bicarbonate

Flumazenil

Furosemide

Aspirin

Yanıt: IV sodium bicarbonate

TCA toksisitesinde sodyum kanal blokajı QRS genişlemesi yapar; IV sodyum bikarbonat temel tedavidir.

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BOARD / EM Cases Emergency Board, neonatal, resuscitation, G100V1 Orta

G100-BOARD-024 | Shoulder dystocia newborn depression

After difficult delivery with shoulder dystocia, newborn is limp and apneic. What is the immediate neonatal resuscitation priority?

Warm/dry/stimulate and provide positive-pressure ventilation if apneic or gasping

Chest compressions before ventilation in all cases

Wait for spontaneous breathing for 10 minutes

Give oral glucose first

Yanıt: Warm/dry/stimulate and provide positive-pressure ventilation if apneic or gasping

Neonatal resüsitasyonda ventilasyon ana basamaktır. Apne/gasping varsa PPV hızla başlanır.

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BOARD / EM Cases Emergency Board, toxicology, serotonin syndrome, G100V1 Zor

G100-BOARD-025 | Hyperthermic serotonin syndrome

A patient on SSRI and linezolid has agitation, clonus, hyperreflexia and fever. What is best management?

Stop serotonergic agents, supportive care, benzodiazepines, cooling; consider cyproheptadine in moderate/severe cases

Give more SSRI

Antipsychotic monotherapy and discharge

No temperature management

Yanıt: Stop serotonergic agents, supportive care, benzodiazepines, cooling; consider cyproheptadine in moderate/severe cases

Serotonin sendromunda tetikleyici kesilir, destek/soğutma/benzodiazepin verilir; ağır olguda siproheptadin düşünülür.

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Medical English / OET Medical English, safety-netting, G100V1 Kolay

G100-ENG-001 | Abdominal pain safety-netting

Choose the safest discharge instruction for a patient discharged after assessment for abdominal pain.

You are definitely fine forever.

If the pain worsens, you develop fever, persistent vomiting, fainting, bleeding, or any new worrying symptoms, please return to the emergency department immediately.

Only come back if you want to.

Do not seek medical help again.

Yanıt: If the pain worsens, you develop fever, persistent vomiting, fainting, bleeding, or any new worrying symptoms, please return to the emergency department immediately.

Güvenli safety-netting spesifik kırmızı bayrakları ve acil geri dönüş talimatını içerir.

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Medical English / OET Medical English, communication, G100V1 Kolay

G100-ENG-002 | Explaining uncertainty

Which sentence best communicates diagnostic uncertainty professionally?

I have no idea, so go home.

Your tests are reassuring so far, but some conditions can evolve; I will explain what to watch for and when to return.

Nothing can change after you leave.

This is definitely impossible.

Yanıt: Your tests are reassuring so far, but some conditions can evolve; I will explain what to watch for and when to return.

Belirsizliği güven vererek ama dürüstçe anlatmak; safety-netting ile tamamlamak gerekir.

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Medical English / OET Medical English, breaking bad news, G100V1 Kolay

G100-ENG-003 | Empathy after bad news

Which response is most empathetic after telling a patient that imaging shows a suspicious mass?

There is no reason to be upset.

I can see this is frightening news. I will stay with you, explain what we know, and arrange the next steps.

You should have come earlier.

I am too busy to discuss it.

Yanıt: I can see this is frightening news. I will stay with you, explain what we know, and arrange the next steps.

Empati, açık bilgi ve sonraki adımları anlatma kötü haber iletişiminin temelidir.

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Medical English / OET Medical English, consent, G100V1 Kolay

G100-ENG-004 | Consent language

Which sentence is best before performing a lumbar puncture?

Sign here quickly.

I would like to explain why we recommend this test, the benefits, the risks, alternatives, and then answer your questions before you decide.

You have no choice.

The form matters more than your understanding.

Yanıt: I would like to explain why we recommend this test, the benefits, the risks, alternatives, and then answer your questions before you decide.

Onam dili gönüllülük, anlama, risk-fayda-alternatif ve soru hakkını içermelidir.

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Medical English / OET Medical English, SBAR, handover, G100V1 Kolay

G100-ENG-005 | SBAR situation

Which opening line is the best SBAR 'Situation' when calling the medical registrar?

Hi, sorry, there is a patient somewhere.

I am calling about a 68-year-old man in resus with suspected sepsis who remains hypotensive despite initial fluids.

Can you come when free?

The story is very long, let me start from childhood.

Yanıt: I am calling about a 68-year-old man in resus with suspected sepsis who remains hypotensive despite initial fluids.

SBAR Situation kısa, net, kim/hangi problem/aciliyet bilgisini verir.

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Medical English / OET Medical English, professionalism, G100V1 Kolay

G100-ENG-006 | Apology in delay

The ED is delayed and a patient is frustrated. Which phrase is best?

Calm down or leave.

I am sorry you have been waiting. I will check where you are in the process and make sure your symptoms have not changed.

Everyone waits; stop complaining.

It is not my problem.

Yanıt: I am sorry you have been waiting. I will check where you are in the process and make sure your symptoms have not changed.

Profesyonel yanıt özür, süreç bilgisi ve klinik yeniden değerlendirme güvenliğini içerir.

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